Recirculating gasifier or pilot



Oct. 14, 1941. B. HAYTER RECIRCULATING GASIFIER OR PILOT 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Oct. 2l, 1939 IN/ZVNTO race ay er' BY M M VkvP.

0 RN mw .N mw., Pw., F. MX 6 2 a 2 :AWO/ M v0MMA ACQ/H, C0#

ATTORNEYS.

Oct. V14, 1941.A B yHAYTER RECRCULATING GASIFIER on PILOT 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 YFiled om.- 21, 1939 INVENTOR yer grace/fa 10M/M Oct. 14, 1941. l B. HAYTER 1 REcIncLATING GAsIFIER- 0R PILOT FledOGt'. 21, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTQRNEYS.

yPatented Oct. 14, 19.41

UNITI-:Darm

Esi-PATENT '.QFFICE.

f auatic aacmcuhsrmacssnfiun on'mw'r l Bruce Baxter, Santa Fe,

Devices, Santa-Fe, N. Mex., a limited ship of Illinois maier., minuscoli. partner- Applicants october sitios, Na. :dass: l l

'le claims. (ci. 15s- 91)` My invention relates to .an improvement in liquid hydrocarbon burners andhasfor one purpose the provision of a return gas or recirculatjing burner.

Another purpose is the provision oi a gasiiier L vstructure and method which permits the combustion of a liquid fuel with a ,clean blue llame. Another purpose is the provision of improved means for recirculating the products of the initial mixture of air and the vaporized hydrocar-:j

bon, "for mixture with the iniiowinsr air. 1

sion of the liquid fuelao not of themselves form' Dart v'of the present invention. Any suitable valve means, such as that shown at in Fig.' 5

' maybe employed t`o control or vary the inward now of the Ysupply of liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

J.any suitable top ange 1,- as shown in Figs. 3

and 5; may be employed at the top of the pot I',

which is adaptedv 'to rest upon a ring 2 Aof the outer shell or housing i. Seated upon the flange I is a baille -plate 65, which isl apertured as at 55. The pot itselfds supplied with a .plurality .Another purpose is it maintain, the side winsA oil consumption.

Another purpose is to increase `theoil .vaporiz`y time to time f ationpossibilities of the burner.'

OtherA purposes will appear from in the course of the specification and claims.

I illustrate my invention more or less dia-- of the biu'ner pot clean andfree fromI carbon. f

'Another purpose-is the obtaining of a lower of air inlet apertures' 9, located at various levels and," which may'for convenience be arranged in horizontal rows. In thelform of Fig. 5 I illustrate a plurality of somewhat larger and :more

, closely spaced secondary air inlet apertures 5.

grammatically inthe' accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a partial section in perspective of one form of pot employed to carry out my -invenf tion;

Fig. 2 is a schematic viewy of the .operation or ilow of gases of the'structure of Fig. 1;

In the form-"of 1 and3 a top row of ap'ertures 9 is shown of substantially the same'gauge and spacing as the lower rows l. i

Referring more specifically to theform of Figs. 1 and 2, I provide a central passage or cylini'ier 50, which terminates 'short of thebottom 'ofthe pot -to provide a gap 5|; Inwardly extending -fiangesor rings are indicated-as at 52,55, these Fig. 3 is a partial section in perspective ci a variant or further development of the form of Fig. 1; v a V Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the movement of airand gases in the form of Fig.'3; f Fig. 5 is a vertical axial section of another form of the device;

Fig. Sisasectionontheline 5-5ofFig.5; IFis. 'lis a ction onthe line l-'I ofFig. 5; Fig. 8 isa section on the line 8 -8 of Fig. 6:-

Fig. 9 is a plan view of one of the gasiiying members or unitsshownin Fig. 5; A

Fig. 1G isa schematic view of the device of Fig. 5 with some ofthe structure o mitted,indi` eating the movement oi the air and gases; and

Fig. il is a schematic view illustrating the movement of gases if only a single ga'sier of the type of Fig. 3 is employed.

y Lure pai-is are indicated by-liks' symbols throughout the specication and drawings. j Referring tothe drawings, 3 indicates a side wall of a pot or mixing chamber, and! a botf tom, which may be generally at or, preferably, slightly concave. is any suitable liquid iuei inlet, shown for example in Fig. 5. In the form of Figs. l and 3 I illustrate the fuel as admitted centrally through a passage il. It will be understood, however, that the details; of the admisrings being exterior tothe passage and abut,- tirlg at their outer ends against' the pot wall 3, and terminating at their inner edges substantially short of the outer face ofthe central passage 55. Intermediate outwardly extending flanges or rings 5l, 55 are associated with the passage member andextend horizontally outwardly therefrom. A top' ring or ,baille-5 5 ex.'

teiudsinwardly from the upper edge of the pot w n The circulation of air. carbon dioxide and oil vapors is'indicated schematically in Fig. 2, with the carbon dioxide downwardly recirculated through the passage 55. In the of the device airis admitted in any suitable fashion, for example through the passage ia, into space between the-outer jacket I and the drum or pot t. It then iiows inwardly through` the aper- -tures 8 inthe wail 3 at a plurality-of levels.I The oil which ows upwardly through thepasj sage 5i is vaporized, and` the oil vapor initially A wardly across 'the bottom l of the pot, mingling with the vaporized hydrocarbon, as indicated by the arrows 4I.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, I illustrate, in connection with the pot 3, a plurality of circumferential rings or bailiesll, 3| and 32, located at various levels Within the pot wall I. Aligned with each row of holes 9, and depending from the inner edges of said baiiles, are annular flanges 33, 34 and 35, having larger apertures 38 aligned with the apertures 9. Inwardly extending from the lower edges of said annular flanges are horizontal inwardly extending flanges or rings 31, 38 and 39, respectively. These various flanges have aligned central apertures 40, which in leffect de- Vfine a vertical generally cylindrical passage, as

shown in Fig. 4.

Assuming that a liquid hydrocarbon fuel is delivered, for example, through the passage II and is vaporized by the heat of combustion goingon above, the entry of air is indicated by the simple arrows in Fig. 4 at 42. The movement of the oil vapor or vaporized hydrocarbon, which is radially outwardly along the bottom of the pot, is indicated by the feathered arrows as at". As the consequent mixture flows upwardly along the inside of the wall member I, it is mixed with air iniiowing through the small apertures 8. 'I'he consequent mixture is directed vinwardly through the corresponding large apertures 36. The`mix ture takes a more or less tortuous path about the outer edges ofthe rings 31, 38, receiving at each one a further increment of air and being directed in something of a Venturil effect inwardly through the apertures 36 of each row of outside apertures 9. At the top of the burner a major portion of the carbon dioxide flows upwardly for combustion, but a certain amount of it flows downwardly through the passage area denned by the apertures 40 and mixes with the outwardly owing vaporized hydrocarbon at the bottom of the burner. The recirculated carbon dioxide is indicated by 'arrows and balls as at 44; and the hydroxylated oil vapor is indicated by feathered arrows and balls as at 45. The effect is thus substantially that of the form of Figs. 1 and 2. The form of Fig. 4 constitutes a development and a structural simplification thereof. This structure is considerably cheaper to make and is a more efilcient mechanical job than the form of Fig. l.

Figs. 5'and following illustrate a further development or simplification in which only a single gasier unit is employed, instead of the three shown in Fig. 3, and in which the gasler is modified and made even more efiicient. I found 4,that employing a singleunit like the one-shown in Fig. 3 gives an excellent blue combustion up to a certain point, but the modified unit sho in Fig. 5 is even more eiliclent.

Referring to Figs. 5 and following, the air apertures of the pot are divided into primary and secondary air apertures. The primary air is admitted through the apertures 8, and secondary air through the larger and more closely. spaced apertures 8.. The employment of the single unit also permits the obtaining of a pilot effect and at low fuel supplies, the topmost row of apertures 9 performs the function of secondary air admission, while the lower rows supply the primary air.

The pilot or gasier unit of Figs. 5 and following includes a generally cylindrical ring or skirt II having an upper outwardly extending flange I2, seated upon any suitable Asupports or pins. Il. It is provided with apertures I3 o1 largersizethan 75 of holes l directly masacre vtially greater diameter, and are so aligned therewith that a jet of air flowing in through an aperture 9 finds its way through the corresponding aperture I3 of the annulus II and draws inwardly therethrough a volume of vaporized hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide flowing upwardly along the inner face of the pot 3 from the space below the gasier unit. The annulus or skirt II also preferably includes a bottom inwardly extending ilange Il, shown as fiat and as terminating at an inner aperture I5 of substantial diameter. I find it preferable in practise to direct `some of the inilowing air above the pilot or gasiiler structure, and some below. I therefore employ an upper'member which employs a plurality of fiat generally radial elements I6, which are separated by deiiectors. Each suchdeiiector includes radially vertical side walls I1 downwardly extending from the edges of adjacent members I6. The walls I1 are connected by abottom or deiiecting member Il, as will be clear for example from Figs. 5 and 8. The walls I1 are generally triangular in shape and converge as at I9. The adjacent members I6 also join at the same point,

and their inner walls define a central circular aperture 2l, aligned withthe aperture I5 but preferably of somewhat smaller diameter. The ends of the members I5 extend outwardly over and rest upon the flange i2.

Since the parts above described are aligned with the air inlet apertures, and an accurate alignment is necessary. I provide a centering inward projection 2|, which seats in a single slot Vor notch 22 in the composite gasifying or pilot member above described.

It will be observed thatin the device as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, one of the members I6 overlies three adjacent inlet apertures I3. The members I6, in connection with the side walls Il, tend to direct inwardly flowing air radially towards the central axis of the pot. The iets of air from the apertures 9 entrain vaporized hydrocarbon from the space `below the flange I4, the vaporized hydrocarbon mixed with the air from the jets 9 being recirculated through the apertures I3. It will be understood that as long as suction is maintained below the gasifler structure a certain amount of the gases has to flow downwardly through the central aperture. The members I6, in connection with the side walls Il, tend to direct theinwardly flowing hydroxylated or gasied oil vapor and air mixture radially toward the central axis of the pot, above the aperture I5 but below the aperture 20. This flame burning Just above the aperture-20 blankets the aperture 2l with the products of combustion or CO2,

and prevents airfrom being drawn downward. To secure a perfect blanketing of the central aperture 2l, not al1 of the Jets are needed. Hence, some of the jets are directed upwardly by the above described scoop members or deflectors I1 and I8. Clean blue flames are maintained just at these scoop members I1 and I8. These clean gases are directed upwardly along the side wall members of the pot 3, preventing thereby any carbon deposit thereon.

-A small hole in the scoop member, .as indicated at Ila, seems further to help the combustion, which is thereby made considerably more quiet. It will be observed in the drawings that .the row above the gasifler in Fig. 5

' cule.

' pilot or gasiiierstructure,

aasaeva time by the scoop structures has definite advantages. In fact, where one holeis picked oi! by the scoop and the next hole is allowed to eject toward the central aperture, the combustionjresuits are not as good asin the structure herein shown. The use of .the double jet in one scoop induces turbulence not obtainable with a single jet, and, therefore, produces additional and much better mixing of the air and oil vapor. Therefore, the flame holds at the scoop and does not float away.

The movement ci the air vand gases shownin the form'rof Fig. 5 is indicated in the diagram of` twenty-four are directed toward the center aperture I5.

In employing the above described structure,

o the pilot re maintains excellent characteristics Fig. 10. Fig. 11 diagrammatically indicates the.v

- movement of the gases if only a single gasier of the type 1of those of Fig. 3 is employed, for

example, the ring or skirt 89, with the addition,

of air and gases is illustrated by arrows and indicated by numerals identical with those used forA Figs. 2 and 4.

In hydroxylation, mixing carbon dioxide with the oil vapors accomplishes thegradual addition of the oxygen molecule to the hydrocarbon mole- This avoids the tendency for rapid combustion to take place, and the' resultant thermal decomposition oi the oil vapor, which would4 set microscopic carbon free. As long as this microscopic carbon, which is indicated by a luminous flame, is present, there is the possibility that soot will be deposited at some one or more points or areas in a burner. Considering for example Figs. 5 and 10, it will be realized that each jet of air from one of the apertures 9 creates a suction, and at the same time adds the oxygen necessary for the hydroxylation of the oil. The result is a recirculation of carbon dioxide. The denit'e suction created as the jet of air ows from the aperture 9 through the corresponding aperture I3, causes a definite suction below the pilot or gasier structure, which aects the recirculation. A\certain amount of flame must be present at the central aperture of the pilot or gasier structure to prevent air from beingldrawn from above down through the apertures 2li and I5.v In order' to obtain 'this condition it is found desirable to blank some of thejets, some being directed directly inwardly and others upwardly by the scoop members Il, I8. That is to say, some of the jets, in line with the space beneath the members Ii are directed to the aperture I5 and are recircuiated downwardly throughthe space below the The other Jets, aligned with baille structure. l the scoops I8, are upwardly directed and maintain flame at. the central aperture'and prevent air from being drawn down from the area above the pilot structure, thus preventing down drafts.

which would unfavorably affect the process of hydroxylation'.

With the structure shown in Fig. A5, not only is an all blue flame obtained. but the temperatures on the bottom of the p ot at I are substantially raised and on pilot, the flame comes from a maximum to minimum in as little as,l for example. 18 seconds.- The flame coming from Apairs of holes impinges on the inclined scoop Il. and the flame coming from intermediate groups of three holes is directed toward the central aperture. For example. if forty holesare employed in augment 'with the sixteen iets may directed upwardly above dropping from high lire to however, of an upper baille 60'. The movement a fuel to said pot, `a transversely extending genact as combustion ca talyzers.. Just as soon as the top piece, including the members I6 and the scoops I8, becomes hot, the upwardly directed,- jets burn Just atthe scoops and stay lit all the was up to high fire.

It will be understood.' of course, that similar recirculating effects are Vobtaiuedin the additional forms of Figs. 1 and 3.

It' will therefore be realized that recirculation may be obtained by a variety of structures, although I find the structure shown in Fig. 5 inl the main more vpractical than those shown in the remaining figures.

It will be realized that whereas I have described and illustrated a practical and operative device, nevertheless many changes maybe made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention. I therefore wish my description and drawings to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagram- Y matic, rather than as limiting me to my precise showing.

It will be understood, forexampie, that when in the claims or description I employ the term skirt I do not wish this term to be employed as a limitation as to specic Iform. The skirt member II, while it may conveniently be secured to or directly associated with the ring I8 above it, as shown for example in Fig. l0, may, if desired, be .provided with independentsupporting means. -A I claim:

1. In a pot type burner. a pot having a circum-I y ferential wall provided with a plurality of air in lets located at various levels, means for delivering erally horizontal gasier structure in said pot in.- termediate the upper and lower apertures, said gasifler including a ring having a central aperture,l a skirt -depending from said ring andI including a portion generally parallel with the circumferential wall of the pot, said skirt being formed with apertures aligned with corresponding apertures in said pot, and means for directing -air infiowing through some of said skirt apertures to the space in the pot above said gasier structure without passing through said central aperture. v

2. In a pot type burner, a pot having a circumferential wall provided with a `plurality of air inlets-located at variousl levels, means for delivering a fuel tovsai'd pot, a transversely extending generally horizontal gasier structure in said pot intermediate the upper andlower apertures, said gasiiler including a ring having a central aperture, a skirt depending from said ring and including a portion generally parallel .with-thecircumferential wall of the pot, said skirt being formed. with apertures aligned with corresponding apertures in said pot. and means for directing air inilowing from some of said skirt apertures to the space in the pot above 'said gasiiier structure without passing through said central aperture, -f

including upwardly and inwardly extending deilectors.' the ring being upwardly apertured in line be "withmdeenectora i l the aperture 2l, and 75 tlnapotiypeburnenapothavingacircumrematar wan provided with a plurality or air 1nlets located at various levels, means for delivering a fuel to said pot, a transversely extending generally horizontal gasier structure in said pot intermediate the upper and lower apertures, said gasier including a ring having a central aperture, a skirt depending from said ring and including a portion generally .parallel with the circumferential wall of the pot, said skirt being formed with apertures aligned with corresponding aperaetaeve' ing a fuel to said pot, a gasiiier structure in said pot intermediate the upper and lower apertures,

tures in said pot, and means for directing air inflowing from some of said skirt apertures tov the space in' the pot above said gasiiier structure without passing through said central aperture, including upwardly and inwardlyextending segmental deflectors, the ring being upwardly apertured in line with said deiiectors.

4. In a pot type burner, ya pot having a circumferential wall provided with a plurality of air inlets located at various levels,vmeans for delivering a fuel to said pot, a transversely extending generally horizontal gasifier structure ln said pot intermediate the upper and lower apertures, said gasifler including a ring having a central aperture, a skirt depending from said ring and including a portion generally parallel with the circumferential wall of the pot, said skirt being formed with apertures aligned with corresponding apertures in said pot, and means -for directing air inilowing from some of said skirt apertures to the space in the pot above said gasifier structure without passing through said central aper-V ture, said skirt including an inwardly extending annular portion having a central yaperture axially aligned with the central aperture of the first mentioned ring.

5. In a pot type burner, a pot having a circumferential wall provided with a plurality of air inlets located at various levels, means for delivering a fuel to said pot, a transversely extending generally horizontal gasiiier structure in said pot intermediate the upper and lower apertures, said gasier including a ring having a central aperture, a skirt depending from said ring and including a portion generally parallel with the circumfferentlal wall of the pot, said skirt being formed with apertures aligned with corresponding apertures in said pot, and means for directing air iniiowing from some of said skirt apertures to the space in the pot above said gasiiier structure without passing through said central aperture, including upwardly and inwardly extending deflectors, the ring being upwardly apertured in line with said deflectors, said skirt including an inwardly extending annular portion having a central aperture axially aligned with the central aperture of the rst mentioned ring.

6. I n a pot type burner, a pot having a circumferential wall provided with a plurality of air inlets located at various levels, means Ifor delivering a fuel to said pot, a transversely extending generally horizontal gasifler structure in said pot intermediate the upper and lower apertures, said gasier including a ring having a central aperture, a skirt depending from said ring andincluding a portion generally parallel with the circumferential wall of the pot, said skirt being formed with apertures aligned with corresponding apertures in said pot, and means for directing air inilowing from some of said skirt apertures to the space in the pot above said gasier strucsaid gaslfler including a ring having a central aperture, and gasiiier wall associated with the ring and including a. portion generally parallel with the circumferential wall of the pot, said I' wall being formed with apertures aligned with corresponding apertures in said pot.

8. In a pot type burner, a pot having a circumferential wall provided with a plurality of air inlets located at various levels, means for delivering a fuel to said pot, a transversely extending generally horizontal gasiiler structure in said pot intermediate the upper and lower apertures, said 'gasier including a ring having a central apererally horizontal gasiiier structure in said pot intermediate the upper and lower apertures, said ture Without passing through` said central apergasiilery including aVring having a central aperture, a skirt depending from said ring and including a portion generally parallel with the circumferential wall of the pot, said skirt being formed with apertures aligned with corresponding apertures in said pot, each such aperture being of greater diameter than the corresponding aperture in the wall of the pot, and means for directing air infiowing from some of said skirt apertures to the space in the pot above said gasifier structure without passing through said central aperture.

10. In-a pot type burner, a pot open at the top and closed at the bottom and having a circum ferential wall provided with a plurality of air lnlets located at various levels, and a skirt member spaced inwardly from and generally parallel with the wall of said pot, said skirt member having a plurality of apertures therein aligned with air inlet apertures in the pot wall but of larger size, r

said skirt member having a flange outwardly extending towardrthe opposed inner face of the pot wall, adjacent an upper portion of the skirt, and an inwardly 'extending centrally apertured flange adjacent a lower portion of the skirt, and a centrally apertured baille partially closing the open top of the pot, the upper portion of the pot being provided immediately below said last mentioned baflle with a plurality of secondary air inlet apertures more closely spaced than the air inlets located at the lower levels in the pot.

1l. In a pot type burner for liquid fuel and the like, a pot, means for introducing air, to support combustion, to the interior of thepot, means for supplying liquid fuel to the pot for vaporization o n the bottom thereof, means for inducing some of the products of combustion to flow downwardly in the pot toward the bottom thereof, means for redirecting the products of combustion upwardly in the pot, and for commingling the said redirected products with the vaporized fuel and air,

andere@ f' the bottom thereof, and for redirecting the products of combustion upward in the pot and comand for directing the resultant mixture toward a combustion zone above the bottom of the pot, including a generally cylindrical generally vertical v walled sleeve located within the pot and spaced inwardly from the wall thereof, said sleeve and pot being generally concentric, the sleeve terminating below the top of the pot.

' 12. In a pot type burner for liquid fuel and the like, a pot having a plurality of air inlet apertures located at various levels in the wall thereof, means for delivering air, through said apertures,- to the means for inducing some of the productsy of combustion to flow downwardly in the pot toward the bottom thereof, and for redirecting the products of combustion upward in the pot and commingling said redirected products with Vaporized'fueland air, and for directing the resultant mixture toward a combustion zone above ,thev

bottom ofthe pot, including a generally cylindrical generally verticalw-alled sleeve located within said pot and spaced inwardly from the apertured wall thereof, said sleeve terminating at its upper edge below the top of the pot and at its lowerl edge'above the bottom of the pot.

13. In a pot type burner for .liquid fuel and the like, a pot having a plurality of air' inlet apertures located at various levels in the wall thereof,

Vmeans for delivering air, through said apertures,

to'the interior of the pot, means' for supplying liquid fuel to the pot adjacent the bottom there- 'upper edge below the top of the pot and at its lower edge above the bottom of the pot, and` a generally horizontal flange inwardly extending from said sleeve, and dening agenerally circular opening generally coaxialwith the pot wall.

14. In a pot type burner for liquid fuel and the like, a pot,y having a plurality of air inlet apertures locatedV at various levels in the wall thereof,

means for delivering air, through said apertures, to the l'interior of the pot, means for supplying liquid fuel to the pot adjacent the bottom thereof,` and means for inducing some of the products of combustion to flow downwardly ln the pot toward.

fil

of the pot, including a generally cylindrical generally vertical 'walled sleeve located within said pot andspaced Iinwardly lfrom the apertured wall thereof.

.interior of the pot, means for supplying liquidv fuel to the pot adjacent the bottom thereof, and

15.* In a pot type burner for liquid fuel and the like, a pot having a plurality of airyinlet apertures located at' various levels in the wall thereof, means for delivering air, through said'apertures, to the interior of the pot, means for supplying liquid fuel to the pot adjacent the bottom thereof, and means for inducing some of the products of combustion to flowfdownwardly in the pot toward the bottoni thereof, and for redirecting the products of combustion upward in the pot and commingling said redirected products with vaporized fuel and air, and for directing the resultant mixture toward a combustion zone above the bottom of the `pot, including a generally 'cylindrical generally vertical walled sleeve located within said vpot l 16. In a pot type burner for' liquid fuel and the like, apot having a plurality of air inlet -apertures located at various levels in vthe wall thereof,

means for delivering air, through said apertures'f,

to the interior of the pot, means for supplying liquid fuel to the pot adjacent the bottom thereof,

Y and means for inducing some of the products of mingling said redirected products with Vvaporized fuel and air, and for directing the resultant mixture toward a combustion zone above the bottom of the pot, including a generally cylindrical generally vertical walled sleeve llocated within said pot and spaced inwardly from the apertured wall thereof, said sleeve terminating at its upper'edge below the top of the pot and at its lower edge above the bottom ofthe pot, and having at its upper edge a flange outwardly extending toward the inner wall of the pot, and a generally horizontal flange extending linwardly from said sleeve v `and defining a generally circular opening general- A v,ly coaxial with the pot wall. v l

. y"B'RUCE HAYTER. 

